First, why should the regulator
With the rapid development of society, an increasing number of electrical equipment, types of complex gradually, increasingly high demand on the grid. However, the development of power transmission and distribution facilities lag, backwardness and lack of design and power lines and other causes of low voltage after the segment end-users, and users are often front line voltage is high, this electrical equipment, especially for voltage requirements strict high-tech and sophisticated equipment, resulting in a great impact and damage, seriously affected the production and experimental activities normally. Power supply system as a public grid, above all kinds of loads connected to thousands, including some large inductive, capacitive, switching power supplies and other loads, these loads only draw power from the grid, will in turn power itself is affected, resulting in the mains voltage waveform distortion or frequency drift, so that the grid worsened further reduced the quality of the power supply grid. Also unexpected natural and man-made accidents, such as the load voltage is too large, transmission and distribution system open or short circuit, earthquakes, lightning, will endanger the normal supply of electricity, thus affecting the normal workload
Voltage instability will bring the device to malfunction or cause fatal injuries, thus affecting production, resulting in delivery delays, quality of instability and other adverse consequences. But also accelerated aging equipment, affecting life or even damage the device, so that business owners faced with repair or update equipment, increase cost, waste of resources; time more serious accidents, resulting in more serious consequences.
Therefore, the use of regulators, especially for electrical equipment for voltage demanding high-tech equipment and sophisticated equipment is essential.
 
Second, the role of the regulator
   A regulator is attached behind it can give a stable voltage electrical equipment, electrical equipment to ensure the equipment works properly. So the key role of the regulator is to solve the voltage problem
1, the voltage deviation: increasing the voltage regulator can solve the problem of grid bias voltage, electrical equipment to provide high-quality operating environment.
2, voltage fluctuations (mutation grid less than 10%): add a regulator is to solve the voltage fluctuation of the most effective means. It can provide electrical equipment to a relatively good operating environment.
3, voltage flicker (grid mutation more than 10%): increased Regulators (less than 20% of the grid mutation) can improve the lightning, operating over-voltage, large capacity surge load (such as an electric arc furnace, etc.) run-time power grid voltage violent fluctuations caused.
4, the higher harmonic: the regulator itself can not solve the problem of higher harmonics, the regulator in case there is the presence of high harmonics work need to increase the sampling filter system (RMS sampling).
5, three-phase unbalanced: isolation transformer plus the voltage regulator is an effective way to solve the asymmetry. In most cases the state can meet the permissible value: 2%, short-term may not exceed 4%, a single user may not exceed 1.3% of the requirements.
Third, regulated manner
1, centralized regulator
   10KV distribution line voltage deviation will cause irregularities, generally give priority to adjusting transformer taps settle, adjust transformer taps have difficulty increase regulator can be completely solved.
   380V / 220V distribution lines is not standardized, unbalanced load, special load etc. will cause voltage and bias voltage fluctuations, increased regulation is the best solution.
2, topical, near Regulators
   Voltage deviation, voltage fluctuation (mutation grid less than 10%), voltage flicker (grid mutation more than 10% less than 20%), electrical equipment nearby to add a regulator can solve the grid voltage bias problem is to solve the voltage fluctuation the most effective means to improve the impact of voltage flicker caused.
3, isolation transformer + regulator Regulator way
    Small capacity power supply transformer, low voltage power supply line is too long, mixing the traditional three-phase four-wire power supply mode; will often asymmetrical three-phase voltage and flicker problems (such as remote rural areas, telecom base stations, etc.), it is recommended the use of isolation transformer + regulator to improve the power supply electricity environment electrical equipment.
 
Fourth, the classification of the regulator
    Depending on the nature of the output of the regulator, usually the voltage regulator, AC voltage regulator (AC power supply) and DC voltage regulator (DC power supply) two categories. The following highlights exchange regulator.
AC voltage regulator types and models are as follows:
1. Compensation AC voltage regulator;
Compensation AC voltage regulator (Executive Standard: JB / T 7560-94):
(1), SBW (DBW) series compensated power regulator (Column).
a. Three-phase tracking type Common Specifications: 10KVA ~ 1200KVA;
b. Three-phase modulation type Common Specifications: 30KVA ~ 2000KVA
(I plant products can reach 2500KVA);
c. Single-phase voltage regulator Common Specifications: 10KVA ~ 50KVA;
Note: I plant 320KVA ~ 2000KVA Three-phase AC voltage regulator having a tone axis tracking function.
(2), SBW (DBW) series compensated power regulator (rotary); also known as SVC series.
  a. Three-phase modulation type Common Specifications: 3KVA ~ 100KVA;
  b. Single-phase voltage regulator Common Specifications: 1KVA ~ 30KVA;
 
2. Non-contact compensated AC voltage regulator (SCR exchange regulator);
(SCR exchange regulator Executive Standard: YD / T 1270-2003)
  Ministry of Information Industry ministerial standards YD / T 1270-2003 provides:
a. Three-phase modulation type Common Specifications: 5KVA ~ 315KVA;
b. Single-phase voltage regulator existing products: 3 ~ 20KVA;
   Note: The series regulator is around 2000 began developing a new generation of exchange regulator, each manufacturer's control methods, classification, model specifications are different.
3. Electronic exchange regulator parameters (purifying AC voltage regulator);
a. Three-phase modulation type existing specifications: JSW - 1.5KVA ~ 100KVA;
b. Existing single-phase voltage regulator Specifications: JJW - 0.5KVA ~ 30KVA;
4. AC induction regulator;
5. Modulated AC voltage regulator
a. Three-phase modulation type existing specifications: SBWG - 10KVA ~ 225KVA;
b. Existing single-phase voltage regulator Specifications: DBWG - 3KVA ~ 20KVA;
   Note: This series of regulators worldwide launch around 2005, began the development of the country in 2007, it is the latest generation exchange regulator, there are no other manufacturers.
 
Fifth, the regulator advantages and disadvantages,
1. Compensation AC voltage regulator
(1), SBW (DBW) series compensated power regulator (Column).
Advantages: large capacity; high efficiency; wide voltage range; and high precision stepless adjustment; strong protection function: a lack phase sequence phase failure, over voltage, overload, over-protection features current, short circuit; load adaptability strong: for resistive, capacitive, inductive and nonlinear load; it can withstand overloads; input and output with no waveform distortion and phase; also has a mature technology, low failure rate, high reliability, low price and many other advantages .
At present such regulator manufacturer most, the largest output, the highest market share.
Disadvantages: with mechanical means running noise; long adjustment time (about 1 second).
(2) SBW (DBW) series compensated power regulator (carousel) - the SVC series.
Advantages: high efficiency; wide voltage range and can be made into an asymmetrical structure; high precision and stepless adjustment;
Strong protection function: over-voltage, overload, overcurrent protection features, short circuit; strong load adaptability: can be used for resistive, capacitive, inductive and nonlinear loads; input and output in phase with no waveform distortion; Technology mature, low failure rate, high reliability, low cost (compared to Column).
At present such regulator manufacturers are also many larger production and higher market share.
Disadvantages: with mechanical means running noise; long adjustment time (about 1 second); withstand overloads poor and only applies to small and medium capacity; high failure rate in Column.
   2. The non-contact compensated AC voltage regulator (SCR exchange regulator)
Advantages: fast response, no noise; high efficiency; wide voltage range; strong protection function: a lack of phase sequence phase failure, over voltage, overload, overcurrent protection features, short circuit; strong load adaptability; energy withstand overloads;-phase input and output, almost no waveform distortion; the process is relatively mature, low failure rate, high reliability, intelligent functions.
Disadvantages: high accuracy, precision adjustable; the switching regulator, voltage jump and there is an additional phase shift; maintain large technical difficulty, the higher the price.
   3. Electronic exchange regulator parameters, also known as purifying AC power or AC sine energy distribution regulator
Advantages: fast response, no noise, known as synchronous response; high precision; protection function: over-voltage, overload, overcurrent, short circuit protection; soft start without power output voltage overshoot and with good spike waves surge suppression.
Cons: narrow voltage range; a large waveform distortion and additional phase shift; low power factor; load characteristic difference: on the nature of the load, the load connection, three-phase load balance and others have specific requirements.
   4, AC induction regulator
Benefits: Extra wide voltage range; good regulator characteristics; but there is no mechanical transmission chain and brushes, simple structure; voltage stepless adjustment; failure rate; protection function: over-voltage, overload, overcurrent, short circuit protection.
Disadvantages: mainly oil structure (dry type), bulky, heavy weight, high prices; input and output voltages of different phase, waveform distortion and a large additional phase shift; low power factor; inefficient; poor load characteristics : mutation load regulation process has concussion.
    5. Modulated AC voltage regulator (refer Executive Standard: YD / T 1270-2003)
Advantages: stepless adjustment; fast transient response, can be called synchronous response; high precision regulation: theoretical accuracy of up to 1%, the current ± 1 ~ 3% adjustable; low-carbon energy saving and environmental protection; wide voltage range ; strong protection function: over-voltage, overload, overcurrent protection features, short circuit; load capability; with input and output phase waveform without distortion; the failure rate is very low, relatively SCR reliability increased by 3 times about.
Disadvantages: technical difficulty, the higher the price.
 
   Only a good understanding of the regulator, in order to better achieve reasonable for different devices, different circumstances, the appropriate matching regulator, to the greatest extent or completely solve the voltage problem device, so as to achieve the best working equipment status.